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How father and son find joy and sense of purpose in their work

Eric Willmarth, Ph.D., is chair of the Applied Psychophysiology department in the College of Integrative Medicine and Health Sciences at Saybrook University. His son, Kevin Willmarth, Psy.D., is an adjunct professor in Health Psychology as well as the director for consulting at the VHA National Center for Organization Development at Saybrook. They wound up working in the same field and at the same university through sheer coincidence—and a belief in paying attention to the interests that make one happiest.

Some fathers pressure their sons to join the family business, but Eric Willmarth never did that to Kevin. As a psychologist, Eric knew how toxic parental pressure could be. Instead, he encouraged Kevin to follow his own interests and stay true to himself. Kevin did so and became a psychologist and a faculty member at Saybrook, just like his father.

Eric Willmarth

Early in Eric’s psychology career, while his own children were still young, many of his patients were children. Kevin recalls, “My dad went to work, and he had toys.” For a child, that was appealing and perhaps predisposed Kevin to an interest in psychology.

Later, Kevin studied psychology, but while his father focused on individual patients, Kevin became interested in the psychology of human systems and the way group dynamics and individual behaviors can affect large-scale outcomes.

Today, Kevin works in organizational development for the Veterans Health Administration. His job includes executive coaching and consultation as well as helping teams handle organizational change. At Saybrook, he teaches health psychology, sports psychopathology, and consulting.

Different Practices, Similar Discoveries

Although Eric and Kevin’s specialties differ, they have what one might call a family resemblance.

Both father and son find meaning in helping people build their own awareness of habits and problems, and both have been guided by following their own interests—as well as a certain amount of chance. “[For] both of us, our careers are kind of serendipitous,” Eric says.

It was a photography assignment for his high school yearbook that first brought Eric into contact with hypnosis. Soon, he was talking to every practitioner he could find. With their consent, he began recording their conversations as a “living history of hypnosis.” Many are now available on his website, Hypnosis Central. Today, his clinical practice includes biofeedback as well as hypnosis, two approaches that help patients build awareness of their behavior and use that understanding to respond constructively.

Similarly, a different early path brought Kevin into contact with what would become his main focus. “I just went where my interest was,” he says. At first, that meant sports. After interning in sports psychology, he realized that the field was less appealing to him in practice than in theory. But a different clinical internship happened to pique his interest in analyzing systems and groups. An internship in graduate school brought him to the Department of Veterans Affairs.

Both men also have had to address misconceptions of their work.

Eric notes that pop culture has contributed to a misunderstanding of hypnosis. “It’s not something that you do to someone,” he says. “Hypnotic ability rests with the individual themselves.” With practice, hypnosis can help patients manage pain, deal with phobias, and reinforce healthy behaviors in addiction recovery. “Hypnosis will never make you want to quit smoking or want to quit drinking,” Eric adds, “but if you’ve already decided to do that, hypnosis can make it a lot easier.”

Hollywood has not helped. Movies often portray hypnotists as evil or manipulative, treating patients as little more than puppets. In reality, the experience should be empowering for the patient. “Everyone is a little curious about hypnosis, but they’re also a little afraid of it,” Eric says. “The control is really yours all along. It’s just finding a way to channel it and be successful at it.”

Meanwhile, Kevin notes that the field of executive coaching is never just about the executive. Though coaching begins with a top-down approach to changing organizations, great individual leaders must be able to work as part of a team. And a team is never a static entity. “It’s a new team every time a new person comes in,” Kevin says.

Much business language tends to focus on personal optimization, but Kevin’s work often helps individuals, usually executives, build awareness of how their actions and words can affect others. Only then can they begin to focus on reshaping their behavior to align with organizational goals and support healthy team dynamics.

Kevin Willmarth

Kevin also often finds himself addressing the common belief that conflict is bad. Actually, he says, a lack of evident conflict usually indicates a problem. It probably means that issues lurk below the surface, but team members are too fearful—or worse, too cynical or too hopeless—to bring them up.

Kevin seeks to guide teams through what he calls “constructive conflicts,” the disagreements that can lead to new discoveries and improvements. Then individuals can practice acting in ways that better serve their goals, whether those goals are personal or institutional.

As Eric sums it up, he focuses on the psychopathology of people, whereas his son focuses on the psychopathology of systems.

A Shared Purpose and a Shared Place

More than a discipline, father and son share a value system. Both feel rooted when they are helping others.

In this respect, they are in the right place at Saybrook, where the empowerment of individuals and communities is a core value. Saybrook provides students and faculty with mindfulness moments, offering opportunities for attention to personal mind-body health and balance, as well as the exploration of multiple techniques at the intersection of mental and physical health. Integrating self-awareness with community transformation is also key.

For Eric, teaching is also a path to discovery. “You always learn when you teach,” he says. In addition to treating patients, he teaches master’s and doctoral students at Saybrook, providing a balance he describes as “the best of both worlds.”

Simply put, Eric says that helping others become their best selves is when “you find joy in what you do.”

Eric notes that any therapeutic relationship should also be empowering. For both patient and provider, empowerment can come from finding a sense of purpose and an awareness of the usefulness and value of one’s actions.

Perhaps surprisingly, Willmarth family gatherings don’t include a lot of shop talk. “We tend not to talk about psychology that much,” Eric says.

Rather, music is a point of connection. Eric studied trombone and even majored in music as an undergraduate. Kevin plays keyboard in a rock band where he can observe team dynamics in the rehearsal room. As “band peacekeeper” however, he says he refrains from applying his professional analysis skills to his band mates.

Eric says his mantra is, “Just be happy at what you’re doing.” This belief continues to serve both father and son.

Contact us to learn more about Saybrook’s programs in Applied Psychophysiology or Humanistic Psychology.

How 5 people with disabilities use mind-body practices to support wellness

Mind-body medicine is a complementary, integrative, and alternative medicine that “offers holistic evidence-based therapies to support physical, emotional, social, and mental health through stress management and thought regulation.” Mind-body medicine includes, but is not limited to, yoga, cognitive behavioral therapy, and relaxation techniques such as hypnosis and meditation. According to Saybrook University, mind-body medicine techniques such mindfulness, hypnosis, and stress reduction can offer relief from anxiety, insomnia, chronic pain, and cancer symptoms.

When I was diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism for the second time, I was a graduate student at Saybrook. The difference between my first and second hospitalizations was that by the second episode, I had adopted mindfulness practices in my daily life. The medical team often found me meditating and utilizing deep breathing techniques, even while lying in the intensive care unit, connected to oxygen and intravenous drugs. My first pulmonary embolism kept me in the hospital for a week, but paired with the practice of mindful breathing, the second occurrence lasted only a few days.

Mind-body medicine practices can improve quality of life, support healing from a medical event, and help patients cope with traumatic events. With a pulmonary embolism, I experienced sharp pains when taking breaths, rapid heart rate, and shortness of breath. I used mindful breathing to train my body to breathe normally again and to center me during the traumatic event. My go-to breathing exercise was—and still is—to inhale and say “this,” exhale and say “moment,” inhale and say, “I am,” and exhale and say “grateful.” This mantra, accompanied by slow, deep breaths, helped steady my heart rate and increase the flow of oxygen.

Years later, I am still committed to meditative practice, mindful movement, and other modalities. These have helped me cope with chronic pain and breathing complications. Though I still live with disabilities, I am grateful to have mind-body medicine in my comfort toolkit. From what I’ve read, people turn to mind-body medicine to treat a variety of experiences—including lived trauma, birth, and injury—and mental health conditions. I wanted to learn from other disabled people about how mind-body medicine has improved the quality of their lives. Below, members of the Diversability Leadership Collective share the benefits of mind-body medicine.

Laura Andert (she/her)

Laura Andert has practiced meditation/mindfulness and acupuncture daily for two years. She has a form of cerebral palsy that causes lack of oxygen to her brain, weak motor skills, and involuntary shaking when she writes or lifts heavy objects. She started meditating upon the recommendation of a mentor and using acupuncture after her chiropractor suggested it. “When I turned 30 years old, I learned that [my condition was] maturing once again. … I had to let go of a lot of things that were no longer serving me, [and] I had to relearn how to put my self-care needs first.”

Andert has had incredible experiences using both mindful meditation and acupuncture. Acupuncture has worked to relieve muscle tension, while five-minute meditations before bed help to calm her mind so she can fall asleep easily. To those new to meditation, Andert says, “You just have to remember to breathe in and out. Focus on your breathing. When an unwelcome thought tries to steer your attention away, you have to let it go and re-center your breathing.”

Neil Hughes (they/them)

Neil Hughes has practiced photobiomodulation and biofeedback daily for more than 10 years. They have a functional neurological disorder and spinal cord injuries to the neck and lower back. These neurological disorders cause pain, neuropathy, spasms, rigidity, tremors, altered sensations, vasovagal syncope, and balance problems. As a professional athlete in the 1970s, Hughes turned to photobiomodulation and biofeedback initially for heart-rate training, but after a recommendation from a neurologist, they recognized that neurofeedback has helped improve areas of brain activity.

Hughes believes that these treatments have helped relieve their symptoms. “I can honestly say that the biofeedback treatments have created a night-to-day difference for my dysregulated nervous system,” they say. Historically, biofeedback and photobiomodulation were considered alternative therapies, but they are now embraced by more medical providers. Hughes recommends the following books that give insight into these modalities: “The Angel and the Assassin” by Donna Jackson Nakazawa and “The Body Keeps the Score” by Bessel van der Kolk, M.D.

Katherine Lewis (she/her)

Katherine Lewis has practiced meditation, mindfulness, yoga, mindful movement, tai chi, acupuncture, herbal medicine, and massage therapy a few times a week for about 10 years.

Lewis lives with a variety of chronic illnesses and service injuries that cause chronic pain, nerve damage, cognitive issues, and a number of other symptoms. In conjunction with surgical approaches, infusion therapy, medication, and mobility aids, Lewis utilizes a menu of complementary practices. She says she integrates these practices because “the traditional medical system was often so rigid with treatments and failed to treat me as a whole human.” She believes that much of mainstream medical care is to the detriment of patients who have multiple conditions. After years of not receiving necessary medical care, Lewis chose to take ownership of her health.

Lewis has had mostly positive experiences using meditation, movement modalities, acupuncture, herbs, and massage therapy. The combination of treatments has improved her quality of life.

Puneet Singh Singhal (he/him)

Puneet Singh Singhal has practiced meditation, mindfulness, yoga, mindful movement, and tai chi a few times a week for about one year.

Puneet Singh Singhal has dyspraxia and stammering that cause issues with motor coordination and spatial awareness. He turned to meditation after listening to podcasts and interviews of people with similar dyspraxia experiences. He decided to experiment with mindfulness, knowing that it couldn’t hurt but could possibly help.

Using meditation helps to relax Singh Singhal even when he is not consistent with his practice. “I always cherish these practices whenever I do it without feeling the pressure of doing it regularly or the guilt of missing the sessions,” he says.

About the authorArielle Dance, Ph.D., is a writer at Diversability who identifies as a Black queer woman with disabilities. Dr. Dance is published across multiple online platforms and is the author of a children’s book, “Dearest One,” that focuses on mindfulness and grief.

Read more from Dr. Dance:
The first hug
Making your events more accessible
Working through the death of a colleague
Returning to dance with chronic pain and invisible disability

Take a Deep Dive Into Mind-Body Medicine with an Online Degree

Take the next step to enhance your current practice, pursue a new career path, or expand your understanding of holistic health. Saybrook’s online master’s, doctoral, and certificate Mind-Body Medicine programs offer flexible online options grounded in rigorous academic training. Explore the MBM programs and begin your journey toward becoming a leader in integrative mind-body medicine.

The Benefits of Earning a Psychology Certificate vs. Degree

Psychology remains one of the most popular fields of graduate study in the U.S. The number of master’s degrees earned in psychology continues to grow year-over-year, with more than 32,000 graduates earning theirs in 2021.

Earning a master’s degree in psychology has the potential to change a student’s life and the lives of those in their community; however, there may be instances when pursuing a highly focused psychology certificate would make more sense. Keep reading to learn more about psychology certificates, how psychology certificates differ from psychology degrees, and the many benefits of earning a certificate.


What is a Psychology Certificate?

Psychology and other academic certificates acknowledge the completion of a specific course or program of study in higher education outside the scope of a traditional degree. Many students and professionals seek academic certificates for the specialized focus on a particular subject that can supplement their current knowledge and skill set.

Earning a certificate also exemplifies the learner’s passion and commitment to their chosen subject. Completion of a certificate program indicates to hiring managers that a candidate respects their field, dedicates themselves to continued personal and professional growth, and can handle the rigors of challenging work.

While some certificate programs require enrollment in a degree program, many certificate programs are open to career-focused individuals with curious minds who are not full-time students.

What Are the Differences Between a Psychology Certificate and Psychology Degree?

Psychology certificates and psychology degrees are both academic achievements marking the successful completion of a psychology program, but there are some key differences that set the two apart.

Psychology degree programs offer a broad, comprehensive education in psychology. These programs typically cover a wide range of topics and practical skills that will act as the foundation upon which students will build their future careers. Psychology degrees often include lessons on research methods and psychological theory, and some allow students to focus on a more specialized area of study within the field such as Creativity StudiesExistential and Humanistic Psychology, or Psychophysiology.

A psychology degree is ideal for students seeking a well-rounded education in psychology and a wider range of career options upon graduation, including those that require a degree as a prerequisite. Working professionals often seek psychology certificates to supplement their full degrees with study of a particular topic that will advance their careers or open doors to other opportunities that require such in-depth knowledge.

The Benefits of Psychology Certificate Programs


Time and Cost

Psychology certificate programs are often less time consuming and less expensive than full degree programs. Because they do not have to build the foundational knowledge of the entire field through multiple courses and textbooks, psychology certificate programs reduce time and costs by getting right to the subject at hand.

Each program will differ depending on a number of variables; however, one can expect to spend two to three years earning a master’s degree and at least four to five years completing a doctorate. Certificate programs also vary in length, but many can be completed in less than a year.


Flexibility

Flexibility is crucial for working professionals with full-time schedules to navigate. Most certificate programs do not include full-time coursework that would require taking a break from a career. With options for online, remote, and hybrid learning, many students can earn their certificates from the comfort of their own homes.


Professional Development

Earning a psychology certificate can be a valuable way for the career-driven psychologist to gain additional credentials and expertise in a specialized subject, enhancing job prospects and providing a competitive edge in the job market.

Certificates can also expand the scope of a current career, giving the earner confidence to work on more complex projects, accept greater responsibility, or to become a subject matter expert who others rely on for answers.

Psychologists are not the only ones who can enhance their careers with a certificate. Some professions incorporate aspects of psychology without directly providing psychological services. These include careers in social justicefunctional nutrition, and wellness coaching. A psychology certificate focused on one of those specific topics can help community organizers, nutritionists, and life coaches develop a deeper understanding of psychological elements within their specialties and how those elements can be used to improve the lives of their clients.

Psychology Certificates at Saybrook University

A pioneer in online learning since its inception, Saybrook University is proud to offer a variety of flexible and affordable certificate programs that provide professional training opportunities in areas such as psychology, health care, and consultation.

Some of these programs may be used to satisfy educational requirements for national certification in a variety of areas; be sure to review the program descriptions carefully for more information. In addition, students may transfer credits from these certificate programs toward applicable degree programs.

Humanistic and Clinical Psychology

Psychophysiology

Transformative Social Change

Integrative and Functional Nutrition

Integrative Social Work

Mind-Body Medicine

Interested in learning more? Visit the Areas of Study page to explore every program Saybrook University has to offer, or contact an enrollment counselor today to help you find the program that’s right for you.

What are the differences between clinical and counseling psychology?

The field of psychology offers rewarding and in-demand career options in a wide variety of specialties. Each may require a different level of education and experience, but all focus on providing care and support for those seeking an active role in their mental health. With so many specialties to choose from, every psychology student can discover the area that best fits their desire to provide valuable care to their patients.


Psychologist vs. therapist vs. psychiatrist: psychology is a very detailed field

While all fields of mental health care may seem similar, there are vast differences. Licensing, certification, and registration requirements dictate how professionals in each specialization must approach their practice.

So, what’s the difference between a psychologist and a family therapist?
A general licensed psychologist is a person who has received a Ph.D. to study the mind and mental processes. Their education may include a Ph.D. in Psychology or a Ph.D. in Applied Psychophysiology (or perhaps something more specialized), and they are licensed to diagnose and treat mental health conditions.

A therapist may have obtained a master’s in psychology or sociology and have professional training and clinical work experience, but are not required to have a doctorate. Some therapists do not diagnose certain mental illnesses that require more evaluation, and will refer their patients to someone who can diagnose further, such as a counseling psychologist or clinical psychologist.
Although counseling psychologists and clinical psychologists can both diagnose patients, these fields have more than that in common.

How clinical psychology and counseling psychology are alike

Clinical psychology is the study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors interact. It integrates research from the social sciences with treatment methods to better understand, treat, and prevent serious mental health issues. Clinical psychologists are mental health professionals who are licensed to diagnose and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. They’re also trained to provide psychotherapy to patients and may also be involved in teaching at the undergraduate or graduate level or conducting research on a specific topic.

The American Psychological Association (APA) describes counseling psychology as the practice of mental health that “addresses the emotional, social, work, school, and physical health concerns people may have at different stages in their lives.” Counseling psychologists examine the interactions within their patient’s families, organizations, or groups. They may work in a variety of settings and roles, including hospitals, private practice, and as school psychologists.

Regardless of their focus, all psychologists share a dedication to helping and providing care to those in need. Both clinical and counseling psychology support mental health and wellness. They both center on providing therapy and treatment for individuals with a mental disorder or issue and can provide counseling and psychotherapy. Both clinical and counseling psychologists can also work as researchers, lecturers, or independent practitioners.

The education required for both clinical and counseling psychologists begins with an undergraduate degree. Students typically choose to study psychology from the start or can move to psychology after completing a bachelor’s degree in social work, behavioral science, or a similar field. From there, students may pursue a master’s degree and then a doctorate in psychology. For those who want to specialize in clinical psychology, earning a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology is highly recommended.

Students pursuing a clinical or counseling psychology program are guided by existential, humanistic, and transpersonal principles. They’ll be required to complete a practicum, internship, or other fieldwork experience to gain the knowledge they need to practice on their own. These valuable experiences provide increased understanding to enhance theory and classroom learning.
Upon earning their degree, graduates can become licensed to practice in their chosen state by passing exams as required by the Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards (ASPB).

If salary expectations are part of your decision-making process to study clinical psychology or counseling psychology, average salaries for both are the same. According to employment data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, annual wages for clinical and counseling psychologists average $82,510, as of May 2021.

How clinical psychology and counseling differ

There are key differences between counseling psychology and clinical psychology—both of which are distinct from therapy or general psychology.

Counseling psychologists often focus on helping individuals pinpoint the stressors in their lives that could be causing mental health concerns, such as an abusive spouse or anxiety brought on by an avoidant parent. It can be incredibly satisfying for a counselor to investigate the root causes of mental health issues and to help patients overcome these burdens. Division 17 of the APA, the Society of Counseling Psychology, provides membership to counseling psychologists who hold a doctorate or master’s degree and has approved a variety of professional practice for psychologists.

Clinical psychology, on the other hand, studies mental disorders more intensely. Practitioners work in clinical environments and their patients usually suffer from severe mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia or severe PTSD. They regularly work with patients long term to help them build resilience, face stress, or cope with their emotions. Clinical psychologists frequently work in hospitals and medical settings. The APA also provides standards for psychologists to refer to in their work.

Study clinical psychology online at Saybrook

Saybrook University’s Psychology Department offers multiple programs for students pursuing careers in the field. The Online Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology is a five-year, full-time program that prepares students to meet the rising demands of the field. Saybrook University’s clinical program is based on humanistic psychology and explores the human experience from a subjective, historical, contextual, cross-cultural, and spiritual perspective. As career opportunities grow, students go beyond the study of the physical body and brain to take a holistic approach and view of mental health.

Have more inquiries? Take a look at the frequently asked questions about our clinical psychology programs, and stay up to date on Saybrook University news, announcements, and more by subscribing to our Unbound digital magazine.

What Is Functional Nutrition? Exploring the Holistic Approach To Functional Medicine

Updated on:

Summary:

  • Functional medicine is an evidence-based wellness profession that combines traditional medical knowledge with emerging sciences and innovative clinical practices.
  • Functional medicine gives patients the tools to live more balanced and healthy lives and can be applied to chiropractic care, osteopathy, naturopathic medicine, and nutrition.

Interest in the discipline and direction of functional medicine has been growing. With its emphasis on addressing the cause of an ailment rather than treating the symptoms, functional medicine has important implications for the future of health care. The discipline has especially impacted the study of nutrition as practitioners consider food as medicine. But what does functional medicine mean, and how can we better understand this holistic practice?

Saybrook University offers graduate-level degree programs in Integrative and Functional Nutrition. By expanding their knowledge beyond basic food science, our graduates learn to evaluate both internal and external factors that influence nutritional health and overall well-being. As part of our online master’s degree, you will learn to use evidence-based approaches to improve the diet and health of patients. Our online functional nutrition Ph.D. program provides patient-centered care that analyzes social, physiological, environmental, and psychological sciences.

What is Functional Medicine?

The word holistic is derived from the Greek word “holos” meaning entire. It’s the belief that everything is connected and that a problem in one area can cause a problem in another. Providing individualized support for each person is what holistic functional medicine is all about.

Functional medicine is a branch of health care that focuses on the root cause of an illness and considers a patient’s whole body rather than simply addressing the symptoms they experience, as in conventional medicine.

Jeffrey Bland, Ph.D., is most often credited with introducing the concept of functional medicine. Dr. Bland was curious about how gastrointestinal health, immune health, and hormone balances interacted with each other, and he began to use functional medicine to treat patients with chronic health problems.

Functional medicine, sometimes referred to as alternative medicine, is based on the idea that disease begins with an imbalance. The body systems and their related organs all work together to make up a person’s collective health—the foundation of your overall health and well-being.

By focusing on more than just the symptoms of an illness, functional medicine practitioners can completely reverse disease-causing behavior and positively create a healthy lifestyle for their patients. For example, an ill person can use exercise and mindfulness techniques to decrease stress, improve sleep, strengthen bone and muscle structure, or quit smoking or other unhealthy habits. Those techniques can also boost overall physical and mental health.

Because diet can greatly affect overall health, supporting balanced nutrition is a large focus of functional medicine. As a result, functional nutrition has become an increasingly in-demand field within functional medicine.

Functional Nutrition: A Holistic Approach To Health and Nutrition

Functional nutrition focuses on one of the most important parts of the body—the stomach. It examines how food affects genes and how those genes affect health.

But that’s only the beginning. Functional medicine places nutrition at the heart of its approach because nutrition and diet have played a major role in the overall health and well-being of humans throughout history, including the evolution of our earliest ancestors.

Historians estimate that cooking has been around for approximately 1.5 million years. Over time, early humans supplemented their diet of berries and nuts with meat, and the first hearth appeared at least 790,000 years ago.

In a way, cooked food helped define what early humans would become. We are what we eat, after all. With extra time to develop societies rather than gather food, humans became smarter and continued to evolve.

While cooking enabled the industrialization of society, it also meant less nutritious foods. The fruit, berries, and meat of our ancestors transformed into processed foods—which meant less time hunting and preparing food but more consequences for our bodies.

Six in 10 Americans have a chronic disease, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Often practitioners quickly resort to medication or surgery to remedy their patients’ pain. A holistic practitioner, however, aims to treat the patient, not the disease and seeks different treatment options.. To determine what is causing the body’s discomfort, holistic practitioners will delve into the patient’s medical history and supplement advanced lab testing to fill in the gaps.

What Can You Do With a Degree in Functional Nutrition?

A career in functional nutrition can range from owning your own private practice or nutrition center to coaching or working in higher education. An M.S. in Integrative and Functional Nutrition or a Ph.D. in Integrative and Functional Nutrition can prepare you for a successful career in a variety of areas, including:

  • Spa, yoga, and wellness centers
  • Culinary institutes, schools, restaurants, and corporate cafeterias
  • Corporate wellness programs
  • Sports nutrition
  • Natural products and dietary supplement industries
  • Consulting
  • Public health and policy organizations
  • Higher education
  • Research and development
  • Private practice

Graduates may also choose to pursue medical school or advanced studies in naturopathy or osteopathy.

No matter which career path in functional medicine you choose, you can expect:

  • A degree that sparks innovation: With new developments and research in this field happening every day, there is always an opportunity for innovation and discovery.
  • The opportunity to become an industry leader: Our alumni have gone on to become leaders across medicine and health care, pioneering new treatments in health care.
  • A fulfilling career path: Getting a degree in functional nutrition gives you the opportunity to create a highly fulfilling career with wellness-focused work and long-term fulfillment.

A degree in functional nutrition also helps you be prepared for changes in licensing rules. As a practitioner in the area of functional medicine, you may need specific licensing or certification to become a Certified Clinical Nutritionist (CCN), Certified Herbalist (CH), or Certified Clinical Herbalist (CCH). As of January 2024, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Commission on Dietetic Registration (CDR) introduced changes that include the requirement of a graduate degree to complete the exams for certification.

Pursue an Online Degree in Functional Nutrition

Saybrook University differs from other institutions in its approach to educating students in the functional medicine degree program. Our curriculum is science-based and promotes a patient-centered approach to medicine.

Saybrook’s program is based on the latest research and therapies to treat the root causes of chronic illness and disease. Students in the M.S. in Integrated and Functional Nutrition program at Saybrook study integrative approaches to nutrition and natural therapies to help manage chronic illness. These approaches include diet, exercise, stress management, meditation, and more. Students also learn from experts in the fields of yoga therapy, Ayurveda, and traditional Chinese medicine.

The Ph.D. in Integrative and Functional Nutrition program provides comprehensive training in functional biochemistry to assess body dysfunctions and incorporate holistic and integrative care. This doctoral degree prepares graduates to lead integrative nutrition practices, educate others, and advance the field through rigorous research.

Satisfying many of the requirements to become a Certified Nutrition Specialist (CNS), which is the only credential other than Registered Dietitian (RD) widely recognized in state licensing laws, the online M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Integrative and Functional Nutrition at Saybrook provide the BCNS-approved curriculum required to sit for the CNS exam. A degree in functional nutrition also helps you be prepared for changes in nutrition licensing regulations. 

As of January 2024, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Commission on Dietetic Registration (CDR) introduced changes that include the requirement of a graduate degree to sit for RD certification exams. Thus, many registered dietitians choose to pursue the M.S. and Ph.D. programs in Integrative and Functional Nutrition at Saybrook.

Discover More About Studying at Saybrook University

At Saybrook University, we can help you become a dynamic and highly skilled individual who will transform the health of others. Combining knowledge from the fields of nutrition, clinical sciences, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), our online M.S. in Integrative and Functional Nutrition or Ph.D. in Integrative and Functional Nutrition degrees can equip you with the in-demand skills needed for current and emerging careers across many industries.

Saybrook University offers a wide range of master’s degrees, certificates, and doctoral programs to prepare you for a career as a nutritionist. Take a look at our other online programs, and listen to the “UNBOUND Saybrook Insights” podcast to learn more about the impact of a Saybrook education.

Have questions? Request more information about a degree in functional nutrition from Saybrook University.

Psilocybin and MDMA: On the Trail to a New Psychopharmacology

Bonnie Settlage, Ph.D., a professor in the Humanistic Clinical Psychology program at Saybrook University, has long been fascinated with altered states of consciousness, including dreams and psychosis. However, she had not given much thought to psychedelic drugs until a client who “struggled on multiple different levels” exhibited an extraordinary transformation, which Dr. Settlage later learned had followed an experience with ayahuasca, a hallucinogenic tea first brewed in the Amazon.

Observing the profound effect that a naturally occurring, mind-altering compound could have on a person in psychological distress inspired a journey of discovery. Dr. Settlage read renowned science writer Michael Pollan’s book “How to Change Your Mind,” which details much of the lost history of experimentation with psychedelics, and she was amazed at how much research already existed. “When I was in grad school, I never learned about this whole history and how promising psychedelics were psychotherapeutically,” she says.

What Settlage discovered was that a highly successful, decades-long program of drug research and trials had been halted at the stroke of a pen and kept hidden for years. Drug trials begun in the 1950s that had proved to be highly effective in the treatment of alcoholism, depression, and anxiety were shut down by presidential decree. Draconian laws against possession were passed, condemning young users to long prison sentences and casting a hard freeze on scientific inquiry. Decades later, the prohibitions are thawing. Researchers today are rediscovering these once-forbidden substances and have been dazzled by the results. Many believe a psychedelic renaissance has dawned.

Throwing Open the Doors of Perception

Looking back through the prism of criminalization, it is difficult to grasp how widely accepted the therapeutic promise was for lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and other hallucinogens. Throughout the ’50s, researchers sought to ascertain how “psychedelics” could be beneficial in psychopharmacological settings. At the same time, supporters of the psychedelic movement endeavored to legitimize their use among “healthy normals” by introducing them to prominent members of society across a broad spectrum of disciplines—captains of industry, Silicon Valley pioneers, and Hollywood actors, including screen star Cary Grant.

Then, in the early ’60s, LSD “escaped the lab.” Young people were dropping bootleg LSD, which was inexpensive and not yet illegal, while a Harvard psychology professor named Timothy Leary advised young people to “tune in, turn on, and drop out.” The explosion of the use of hallucinogens among teenagers and college students ignited a moral panic among parents and politicians alike.

In 1971, President Nixon declared drug abuse public enemy number one and signed the Comprehensive. Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act, ending nearly all government-funded research. For nearly the next half century, hallucinogenic drugs were listed as Schedule 1 narcotics, and the movement Leary sought to lead was relegated to head shop mythology.

“I went to Berkeley in the ’90s, and I never heard a thing about the large body of academic and clinical research using LSD and psilocybin,” Dr. Settlage says. “It was a shock that all this had happened back then without me knowing.”

Decriminalizing Nature

What gets lost in the crackdown by the federal government, which was motivated in part by a fear and loathing of counterculture gurus like Leary and their perceived mind control over a large swath of American youth, is that naturally occurring psychedelics—including psilocybin, peyote, and ayahuasca—have been used by humans for centuries, even millennia. Furthermore, the harsh punishment for even small doses scared away researchers who had years of experience in utilizing these substances. And though the lengths of some sentences have changed, many of these laws are still in place.

For more than 20 years, any research being done was conducted underground, and some continues today. “It’s kind of the wild west out there,” Dr. Settlage says. “I do think people have been doing underground work for years and have been tremendous help to a lot of people.”

Talking with people who describe transformative experiences was also pivotal in the course of her research. “Just hearing people’s stories was kind of a spiritual awakening,” she says, “about a lot of things I had wanted to believe but hadn’t allowed myself to. Since then, I haven’t looked back.”

Green Shoots of a Psychedelic Spring

Last year, Dr. Settlage attended a training by the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) for the use of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) for treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The MAPS organization is currently in stage three clinical trials for the use of MDMA to treat PTSD, which Dr. Settlage hopes will gain approval so MDMA can be prescribed to qualified patients outside of an experimental clinical setting. Since her interest in this area has become more widely known among her colleagues, Dr. Settlage says she has been overwhelmed with questions. “Students are asking me about it all the time,” she says. “It comes up in our courses quite a bit.”

Dr. Settlage believes Saybrook is a natural home for research into the broader scientific and cultural significance of this renewed focus on psychedelics, given the traditions for open inquiry among the students and faculty. Richard Tarnas, Ph.D., who received his doctorate from Saybrook University in 1976, was an acolyte of Stanislav Grof, Ph.D., an early researcher into psychedelics and former clinical and research fellow at Johns Hopkins University, which is currently one of the epicenters of renewed research into psychedelics. Dr. Tarnas went on to found the program in Philosophy, Cosmology, and Consciousness at the California Institute of Integral Studies.

Ritual and Community

Coming from a dance background, Selene Kumin Vega, Ph.D., professor in the Mind-Body Medicine Department at Saybrook, espouses the essentiality of mind-body wellness as well as the centrality of the individual within a group setting, and that philosophy has guided her work in drug-assisted therapy. She feels that more and more people are entering into these sorts of therapies with the understanding that there is something sacred about them. “People in Native American peyote circles aren’t taking peyote as a party drug,” she says. “They are taking it as a healing drug, not just for individual healing, but for community healing.”

This is a key aspect of the culture of psychedelics in its more traditional forms that attracts Dr. Vega within the context of the mind-body wellness program: a sense of healing within a larger context. “That health and wellness aren’t just individual activities,” she says. “They are community processes.”

Like Dr. Settlage, Dr. Vega has undergone MAPS training, which she says aligns well with the way she is accustomed to working. The guide is not there to direct the experience. They are there to create “a safe container for whatever is happening.” The key is to trust the client and allow them to go where the experience takes them rather than to steer them toward a predetermined outcome. For instance, researchers in the 1950s and ’60s noticed that clients tended toward outcomes that mirrored the training of the clinician administering the drug and providing their treatment. In contrast, Dr. Vega sees contemporary approaches as being very different. “Our role is really more as a midwife to follow the process that’s going on rather than try to make it go a certain way,” she says.

Freeing the Mind in Safe Settings

While the client is enabled to associate freely during these sessions in MDMA assisted therapy, the protocols are organized to include typically three preparatory sessions before the medicine is introduced. Then, clients alternate between sessions in which the drug is administered in the presence of a guide followed by a session to process that experience. The course of treatment takes nine to 12 sessions. However, as other substances, including psilocybin, move through trials and are approved for use, protocols will vary, and, of course, people continue to experiment on their own.

“As a therapist, I’ve worked with people who had had experiences in an ayahuasca circle or in just an LSD trip and then come in to say, ‘Help me understand what that was and what it means for me in my life,’” Dr. Vega says. “And the work that we do then has to do with reconnecting with that state of consciousness that they went to in a very deep way, exploring what happened for them, and what it feels like now in their body in a way that helps to integrate that experience.”

Gazing Beyond the Horizon

As befitting the substances themselves, the future of psychedelic inquiry is both foreseeable and, for now, unknowable. Given the status of current research, the clinical use of MDMA and psilocybin are all but certain. A recent article in National Geographic described how drug manufacturers are working on perfecting psilocybin delivery so that the drug takes effect more quickly, the effects do not last as long, and the potential for nausea as a side effect is reduced.

What is less clear, with some states looking to legalize psilocybin as they have marijuana, is what the future of personal use, outside of clinical applications, will look like. Dr. Settlage is of two minds on the question. “For me, in the beginning, I was so enthusiastic that I felt like a proselytizer, like, ‘Everybody should have this, go out and do it,’” she says. “But I no longer feel that way. It’s wise to approach these drugs with caution, and I am on the fence about how regulated they should be or how prescriptive they should be. The extent to which an individual can make that choice versus the state is another question.”

What seems certain, however, is that armed with the lessons of the past, researchers are going to make great strides in treating mental illness with the use of substances the possession of which can, currently, get you arrested. As Dr. Vega says, “I am so excited that this is getting out into the world and the way that it seems to be kind of exploding everywhere around us. I think it’s going to make a huge difference.”


*The term was coined by the Canadian psychiatrist Humphry Osmond during correspondence with the visionary writer Aldous Huxley.

Learn more about Saybrook University

If you are interested in learning more about the community and academic programs at Saybrook University, fill out the form below to request more information. You can also apply today through our application portal.

Saybrook’s Annual Gala Honors Supporters of the Saybrook Mission


On November 9, 2022, Saybrook hosted its Annual Awards and Spotlight Gala at the University Club of Pasadena to celebrate the community and honor the generosity of those who support Saybrook initiatives. The event was Hollywood-themed with live jazz music performed by Sir Henry on Sax. Almost 200 participants attended in person and around 50 joined online.

Event host Daniel Sieberg, a member of the Saybrook Board of Trustees, began the evening by introducing President Nathan Long, Ed.D., who delivered opening remarks. Dr. Long thanked donors for their generosity and reiterated the university’s legacy and values.

“Saybrook is known as a pioneer both in its unique humanistic heritage, as well as its approach to distanced learning and education. By taking a concept that increases access to graduate education and supercharging it with outstanding faculty, mentors, scholars, and practitioners, students receive, in my estimation, one of the finest educations out there today,” Dr. Long said.

Dr. Long also discussed the larger context of the Saybrook mission and how it addresses some of society’s greatest challenges.

“Our country today is in great need. A mental health crisis looms large. Not enough therapists populate our communities to provide the mental health support that’s needed,” he said. “I’m asking you to join me tonight to help Saybrook answer the various needs of our nation.”

Saybrook faculty and students are constantly engaged in innovative work and research that remain vital to the university’s history and legacy. Donations help enable this work to create long-term sustainability for Saybrook’s progressive, humanistic programs. Additionally, many of the scholarships offered by Saybrook directly further its mission, provide access to a graduate education that otherwise might not be possible.

Dr. Long’s opening remarks were followed by Board of Trustee members Michael Horowitz, Ph.D., and Gloria Chance, Ph.D., both of whom have contributed to scholarships at Saybrook.

Dr. Horowitz, president of TCS Education System, stressed his confidence in Saybrook’s mission and his admiration for its values. “I have a deep appreciation for this institution. There’s nothing like it,” he said. “Over recent years, we’ve been growing by leaps and bounds because I think the world needs more and more of Saybrook University.” At Saybrook, Dr. Horowitz and his wife, Jeannie Gutierrez, Ph.D., established the Dr. Michael Horowitz & Dr. Jeannie Gutierrez Immigrant / First Generation Scholarship program.

Dr. Chance, chair of the Institutional Advancement Committee, announced the Marlene Chance Scholarship in honor of her late sister and former Saybrook faculty member. The scholarship is intended to bring more practitioners to the field of mental health who support incremental innovation.

“We need to be able to bring solutions to populations in the way that they need them,” Dr. Chance said. “Whether it’s the homeless population, BIPOC communities, or others, through the Marlene Chance Scholarship we want to fund opportunities for people to heal that are non-traditional.”

After dinner, faculty and staff presented Saybrook’s 2022-2023 scholarships and awards to the distinguished recipients.

The Annual Awards and Spotlight Gala is Saybrook’s signature fundraising event and important to maintaining university programs. By the end of the evening, this year’s event raised $40K through donations, tickets, raffles, and auction items. All proceeds will be used to fund Saybrook student scholarships, innovative research, fellowships, and other initiatives.

The Necessity Of Critical Race Theory

Critical Race Theory. Three simple words, and yet their mere utterance in succession strikes fear in the hearts of a significant chunk of the American population. But what is it about this academic concept that has drawn such ire in the wake of renewed calls for racial justice across the United States? Rather than being the reductive boogeyman detractors describe, Critical Race Theory (CRT) has been vastly misrepresented in national conversations.
In a point/counterpoint piece published by The Gazette, a newspaper based in Colorado Springs, Nathaniel Granger, Psy.D., and adjunct faculty in Saybrook University’s Department of Humanistic and Clinical Psychology, argued in favor of teaching Critical Race Theory in Colorado Schools. According to him, “It is crucial to understand CRT prior to entertaining and/or establishing policies against or in support of it.” However, many who use the term do not understand it.
It seems that many of the recent discussions surrounding CRT have focused on fears and misconceptions about the theory rather than what the theory is and why it was created. However, in order to have open and productive discussions, it’s vital to come to a mutual understanding of what CRT actually is and what the intentions were behind creating it.

What is Critical Race Theory?

Critical Race Theory, commonly abbreviated as CRT, was created in the 1970s and 1980s by legal scholars including Richard Delgado, the late Derrick Bell, and Kimberlé Crenshaw—the latter of whom coined the term. The theory grew from the field of Critical Legal Studies, a field that was considered radical at the time according to Laura Turner-Essel, Ph.D. and adjunct faculty in the Department of Transformative Social Change at Saybrook. “It argued that the law was not objective, neutral or apolitical, contrary to the common perception within the legal studies field at the time,” Dr. Turner-Essel explains.

“Critical race theorists saw that the law could be complicit in maintaining this unjust racial caste system within society, but also that it held potential as a tool for promoting justice and racial equality.”

-Laura Turner-Essel, Ph.D.

The intent behind the theory was to examine racist systems that persist within the make up of law enforcement and criminal justice in the U.S. Despite the passing of the Civil Rights Act in 1968 and desegregation efforts since, these types of systems continue to disproportionately affect marginalized groups in the United States, especially Black Americans.
“Critical race theorists saw that the law could be complicit in maintaining this unjust racial caste system within society, but also that it held potential as a tool for promoting justice and racial equality,” Dr. Turner-Essel says. “They wanted to show how the concept of race and the realities of racism had been encoded into the laws and institutions of the nation and were continuing to reproduce racial disparities in almost every aspect of life.”
When created, CRT was intended to address the role of racism in the law and to work to eliminate it. However, the term has since caught on outside the field of law, and there has been a great deal of discrepancy in the way it has been portrayed in media and public discourse ever since.

Confronting Misconceptions

Discrepancies in the perception and reception of CRT seem to begin with misunderstandings of the intent behind the theory, in addition to fundamental differences of perception regarding the current reality black people are living in.
According to a recent article from Politifact, “Supporters describe critical race theory as a collection of ideas, not a single doctrine, that explain why racial inequality and disparities persist long after civil rights laws and court rulings barred discrimination.” This view aligns with the intent behind the theory as indicated by its creators. Alternately, Politifact says, “opponents use it as a blanket label for any discussion of white privilege, and they have encouraged local school districts to forbid the teaching of anything that addresses systemic racism.”
Additionally, though K-12 schools across the U.S. have been accused of implementing CRT into curricula, it is not a K-12 concept. It was created specifically for law school circles in higher education. However, anti-racist and anti-bias initiatives for K-12 educational environments have been implemented in some schools nationwide, prompting critics to conflate them with CRT due to overlap in objectives.

“CRT focuses on the opportunities that all people, including White Americans, have to correct the situation by noticing how racism lives on within our social systems.”

-Laura Turner-Essel, Ph.D.

In the couple of years since CRT exploded onto the scene as the latest buzzword, criticisms have continued to grow, and school boards across the U.S. face attacks on any CRT-related policies. Additionally, many of the same CRT detractors have begun misrepresenting other modern educational initiatives and associating them with CRT, including Social-Emotional Learning.
Dr. Turner-Essel points out the importance of continuing to challenge misinformation. “We must clarify terms by referring people to the work of reputable scholars who have dedicated their careers to this approach,” she says. “Everyone need not adopt the CRT perspective, but it is important for the sake of intellectual integrity to accurately represent what CRT says and what it does not.”
It is vital to keep pushing back against lies with the truth. Fortunately, many academic programs, including Saybrook’s Transformative Social Change program, are preparing aspiring agents of change to meet the challenge. Though CRT itself is not taught at Saybrook due to its nature as a law school concept, its systemic perspective and progressive approach aligns with Saybrook’s core mission and values.
“The program in Transformative Social Change aims to help students understand, at a very deep level, the systemic and interconnected nature of societal problems and to use this awareness to implement positive remedies,” Dr. Turner-Essel says.

Why we need Critical Race Theory

As Dr. Granger states in The Gazette, “We are disillusioned if we believe or act as if racism has had no part in the shaping of America.”
If anything, the evidence of persistent systemic racism has been thrust into the spotlight more than ever over the past few years due to various widely publicized acts of violence and injustice against Black Americans, including many perpetrated by law enforcement officers.

Black Americans account for 13.4% of the population in the U.S., the third largest racial group in the country after Hispanic or Latino at 18.5% and white at 76.3%. However, the rates of arrest, conviction, and incarceration for Black Americans are disproportionately higher than those of larger racial groups.
A recent report found that black men and boys face the highest lifetime risk of being killed by police among all groups, and incarceration rates reveal a similar discrepancy. Even with results demonstrating an overall decline in incarceration for all people as recently as 2020, “Black Americans remain far more likely than their Hispanic and white counterparts to be in prison. The black imprisonment rate at the end of 2018 was nearly twice the rate among Hispanics (797 per 100,000) and more than five times the rate among whites (268 per 100,000),” according to Pew Research.
Science has reaffirmed time and again that race is a social construct, not a biological attribute, meaning the continuation of high racial inequity is not due to any factors inherently found within the biological make up of humans. Many have gravitated toward CRT to get a better understanding of the nature of the issue. Dr. Turner-Essel notes, “As with any theoretical perspective, CRT’s value is in its ability to explain the realities we observe. But CRT also expands our understanding by including the perspectives, scholarship, and lived experiences of people of color in its analysis, rather than only viewing people of color as being full of deficits and problems.”
Only with critical analysis of systems can meaningful structural changes begin. However, the key to this type of systemic analysis is for it to remain honest. CRT conversations might not always be comfortable for everyone involved, but they’re necessary to break down misconceptions and move forward. As Dr. Granger stated in The Gazette, “To raise the question of if CRT should be taught in our schools is asking if the truth of America should be taught to those who hold our future, or should they be bamboozled with distorted information, such as being taught that Christopher Columbus ‘discovered’ America.”

Moving Forward

In the couple of years since CRT exploded onto the scene as the latest buzzword, criticisms have continued to grow, and school boards across the U.S. face attacks on any CRT-related policies. Additionally, many of the same CRT detractors have begun misrepresenting other modern educational initiatives and associating them with CRT, including Social-Emotional Learning.
Dr. Turner-Essel points out the importance of continuing to challenge misinformation. “We must clarify terms by referring people to the work of reputable scholars who have dedicated their careers to this approach,” she says. “Everyone need not adopt the CRT perspective, but it is important for the sake of intellectual integrity to accurately represent what CRT says and what it does not.”
It is vital to keep pushing back against lies with the truth. Fortunately, many academic programs, including Saybrook’s Transformative Social Change program, are preparing aspiring agents of change to meet the challenge. Though CRT itself is not taught at Saybrook due to its nature as a law school concept, its systemic perspective and progressive approach aligns with Saybrook’s core mission and values.
“The program in Transformative Social Change aims to help students understand, at a very deep level, the systemic and interconnected nature of societal problems and to use this awareness to implement positive remedies,” Dr. Turner-Essel says.

The Necessity of Critical Race Theory

Critical Race Theory. Three simple words, and yet their mere utterance in succession strikes fear in the hearts of a significant chunk of the American population. But what is it about this academic concept that has drawn such ire in the wake of renewed calls for racial justice across the United States? Rather than being the reductive boogeyman detractors describe, Critical Race Theory (CRT) has been vastly misrepresented in national conversations.

In a point/counterpoint piece published by The Gazette, a newspaper based in Colorado Springs, Nathaniel Granger, Psy.D., and adjunct faculty in Saybrook University’s Department of Humanistic and Clinical Psychology, argued in favor of teaching Critical Race Theory in Colorado Schools. According to him, “It is crucial to understand CRT prior to entertaining and/or establishing policies against or in support of it.” However, many who use the term do not understand it.

It seems that many of the recent discussions surrounding CRT have focused on fears and misconceptions about the theory rather than what the theory is and why it was created. However, in order to have open and productive discussions, it’s vital to come to a mutual understanding of what CRT actually is and what the intentions were behind creating it.

What is Critical Race Theory?

Critical Race Theory, commonly abbreviated as CRT, was created in the 1970s and 1980s by legal scholars including Richard Delgado, the late Derrick Bell, and Kimberlé Crenshaw—the latter of whom coined the term. The theory grew from the field of Critical Legal Studies, a field that was considered radical at the time according to Laura Turner-Essel, Ph.D. and adjunct faculty in the Department of Transformative Social Change at Saybrook. “It argued that the law was not objective, neutral or apolitical, contrary to the common perception within the legal studies field at the time,” Dr. Turner-Essel explains.

The intent behind the theory was to examine racist systems that persist within the make up of law enforcement and criminal justice in the U.S. Despite the passing of the Civil Rights Act in 1968 and desegregation efforts since, these types of systems continue to disproportionately affect marginalized groups in the United States, especially Black Americans.

“Critical race theorists saw that the law could be complicit in maintaining this unjust racial caste system within society, but also that it held potential as a tool for promoting justice and racial equality,” Dr. Turner-Essel says. “They wanted to show how the concept of race and the realities of racism had been encoded into the laws and institutions of the nation and were continuing to reproduce racial disparities in almost every aspect of life.”

When created, CRT was intended to address the role of racism in the law and to work to eliminate it. However, the term has since caught on outside the field of law, and there has been a great deal of discrepancy in the way it has been portrayed in media and public discourse ever since.

Confronting Misconceptions

Discrepancies in the perception and reception of CRT seem to begin with misunderstandings of the intent behind the theory, in addition to fundamental differences of perception regarding the current reality black people are living in.

According to a recent article from Politifact, “Supporters describe critical race theory as a collection of ideas, not a single doctrine, that explain why racial inequality and disparities persist long after civil rights laws and court rulings barred discrimination.” This view aligns with the intent behind the theory as indicated by its creators. Alternately, Politifact says, “opponents use it as a blanket label for any discussion of white privilege, and they have encouraged local school districts to forbid the teaching of anything that addresses systemic racism.”

Additionally, though K-12 schools across the U.S. have been accused of implementing CRT into curricula, it is not a K-12 concept. It was created specifically for law school circles in higher education. However, anti-racist and anti-bias initiatives for K-12 educational environments have been implemented in some schools nationwide, prompting critics to conflate them with CRT due to overlap in objectives.

Detractors present CRT as a static concept, permanently casting white Americans as racist oppressors and Black Americans as victims. However, CRT is not so constrictive. As Dr. Turner-Essel explains, “Psychologically, I understand how being affiliated with a group that has enacted harms could induce an emotional response. However, CRT focuses on the opportunities that all people, including White Americans, have to correct the situation by noticing how racism lives on within our social systems (whether or not any one person in that system appears to be a “racist”) and to actively change those systems to stop harming people of color.”

Changing harmful racist systems requires open and honest acknowledgement that they exist in the first place. CRT opts to meet the truths of persistent racial inequality in the United States head-on, rather than shying away from them. However, demands for change are directed at systems, rather than individuals. “CRT recognizes that racism is indeed foundational to many of our societal institutions, not just a periodic malfunction, and focuses on ways that we can collectively change structures,” Dr. Turner-Essel says. “It does not focus on making individuals feel like ‘bad people’ for being a certain race.”

In his piece for The Gazette, Dr. Granger contends that CRT’s aim of striving for equality transcends the Black vs. white racial binary to recognize the impact racism has had on experiences of various people of color, including Latinx individuals, Native Americans, and Asian Americans. “CRT challenges white privilege, a primary factor for its resistance, and exposes deficit-informed research that ignores, and often omits, the scholarship of people of color,” Dr. Granger writes. “Contrary to what is often stated, CRT does not suggest any ‘racial’ group is inherently inferior or biased, which would contradict the foundational premise that race is a social construction.”

Ultimately the social construction of race must be recognized as such: a human concept influenced by culture and socialization, rather than an inherent biological set of characteristics.

Why we need Critical Race Theory

As Dr. Granger states in The Gazette, “We are disillusioned if we believe or act as if racism has had no part in the shaping of America.”

If anything, the evidence of persistent systemic racism has been thrust into the spotlight more than ever over the past few years due to various widely publicized acts of violence and injustice against Black Americans, including many perpetrated by law enforcement officers.

Black Americans account for 13.4% of the population in the U.S., the third largest racial group in the country after Hispanic or Latino at 18.5% and white at 76.3%. However, the rates of arrest, conviction, and incarceration for Black Americans are disproportionately higher than those of larger racial groups.

A recent report found that black men and boys face the highest lifetime risk of being killed by police among all groups, and incarceration rates reveal a similar discrepancy. Even with results demonstrating an overall decline in incarceration for all people as recently as 2020, “Black Americans remain far more likely than their Hispanic and white counterparts to be in prison. The black imprisonment rate at the end of 2018 was nearly twice the rate among Hispanics (797 per 100,000) and more than five times the rate among whites (268 per 100,000),” according to Pew Research.

Science has reaffirmed time and again that race is a social construct, not a biological attribute, meaning the continuation of high racial inequity is not due to any factors inherently found within the biological make up of humans. Many have gravitated toward CRT to get a better understanding of the nature of the issue. Dr. Turner-Essel notes, “As with any theoretical perspective, CRT’s value is in its ability to explain the realities we observe. But CRT also expands our understanding by including the perspectives, scholarship, and lived experiences of people of color in its analysis, rather than only viewing people of color as being full of deficits and problems.”

Only with critical analysis of systems can meaningful structural changes begin. However, the key to this type of systemic analysis is for it to remain honest. CRT conversations might not always be comfortable for everyone involved, but they’re necessary to break down misconceptions and move forward. As Dr. Granger stated in The Gazette, “To raise the question of if CRT should be taught in our schools is asking if the truth of America should be taught to those who hold our future, or should they be bamboozled with distorted information, such as being taught that Christopher Columbus ‘discovered’ America.”

Moving Forward

In the couple of years since CRT exploded onto the scene as the latest buzzword, criticisms have continued to grow, and school boards across the U.S. face attacks on any CRT-related policies. Additionally, many of the same CRT detractors have begun misrepresenting other modern educational initiatives and associating them with CRT, including Social-Emotional Learning.

Dr. Turner-Essel points out the importance of continuing to challenge misinformation. “We must clarify terms by referring people to the work of reputable scholars who have dedicated their careers to this approach,” she says. “Everyone need not adopt the CRT perspective, but it is important for the sake of intellectual integrity to accurately represent what CRT says and what it does not.”

It is vital to keep pushing back against lies with the truth. Fortunately, many academic programs, including Saybrook’s Transformative Social Change program, are preparing aspiring agents of change to meet the challenge. Though CRT itself is not taught at Saybrook due to its nature as a law school concept, its systemic perspective and progressive approach aligns with Saybrook’s core mission and values.

“The program in Transformative Social Change aims to help students understand, at a very deep level, the systemic and interconnected nature of societal problems and to use this awareness to implement positive remedies,” Dr. Turner-Essel says.

Learn more about Saybrook University

If you are interested in learning more about the community and academic programs at Saybrook University, fill out the form below to request more information. You can also apply today through our application portal.

Saybrook alumna Carole Patrick, Ph.D., pays tribute to a fellow Saybrook alumna and dear friend

Saybrook University celebrates the life of alumna Dr. Lael Curtis who passed away on September 10, 2022. Fellow Saybrook alumna, Dr. Carole Patrick, submitted this eulogy to UNBOUND to honor Dr. Curtis’ work, impact, and their meaningful friendship.

In Memory of Dr. Lael Ann Curtis
October 2, 1950 – September 1, 2022

Lael Curtis, Ph.D., maintained an outlook of deep respect for all life on earth throughout her lifetime. It colored her studies, her work, and her friendships in positive and invaluable ways. I was fortunate enough to have felt her impact firsthand, and I hope to pass it on by honoring and celebrating her memory.

Dr. Curtis was a lifelong learner. Throughout her educational journey, she earned a master’s degree in theology, a master’s degree in social work, and a degree in law, as well as a doctorate in psychology from Saybrook in 2017. During her professional career, she spent more than a decade working in Indigenous law. Most recently, she worked to provide social services to seniors living in care facilities until health concerns forced her into retirement in 2020.

A profound value for life and social issues motivated Dr. Curtis’ life and work. She was guided by empathy and compassion for people who are disadvantaged and struggling for survival, as well as concern for the environment and the impacts of climate change. Every life, big and small, mattered to Dr. Curtis. When I sent her flowers for her birthday one year, she followed up with a message saying, “Your flowers still smell lovely. They smile at me every day.”

As an antidote to the sense of isolation and loneliness often pervasive in our current world, Dr. Curtis believed in the strength of families and the need for deep connections and meaningful communication. I believe our relationship served as the perfect example that she was right.

I met Dr. Curtis in 2012, during our first semester at Saybrook University while we were both attending a class in human science. Though she seemed like a quiet person and kept to herself, I introduced myself and we began a dialogue that would grow into a lifelong friendship.

For the rest of our time in the Ph.D. program, we supported each other, providing motivation and words of encouragement through our most difficult and challenging times. Our friendship gave me the strength I needed to complete the program, and Dr. Curtis often spoke about how much it meant to her as well.

We remained close long after our time at Saybrook ended, and in 2020, I unofficially adopted Dr. Curtis as a sister. Our weekly meetings continued until September 10, 2022, when her spirit left this earth.

I will forever be grateful that while gaining a valuable education at Saybrook, I also gained a dear friend and sister for life. Goodbye, Lael.

Carole Patrick, Ph.D.